SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Cloud database</title>

</head>

Cloud database

</h1>

</header>

A cloud database is a <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> that typically runs on a <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> platform and access to the database is provided as-a-service. There are two common deployment models: users can run databases on the cloud independently, using a <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a> image, or they can purchase access to a database service, maintained by a cloud database provider. Of the databases available on the cloud, some are <a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>-based and some use a <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> data model.

Database services take care of scalability and high availability of the database. Database services make the underlying software-stack transparent to the user.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment_models">Deployment models</h2></div>

There are two primary methods to run a database on a cloud platform:

<dl><dt><a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">Virtual machine</a> image</dt>

<dd>Cloud platforms allow users to purchase virtual-machine instances for a limited time, and one can run a database on such virtual machines. Users can either upload their own machine image with a database installed on it, or use ready-made machine images that already include an optimized installation of a database.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a></dd>

<dt>Database-as-a-service (DBaaS)</dt>

<dd>With a database as a service model, users pay fees to a cloud provider for services and computing resources, reducing the amount of money and effort needed to develop and manage databases.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a> Users are given tools to create and manage database instances, and control users. Some cloud providers also offer tools to manage database structures and data.<a href="#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a> Many cloud providers offer both relational (Amazon RDS, SQL Server) and NoSQL (MongoDB, Amazon DynamoDB) databases.<a href="#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a> This is a type of <a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">software as a service</a> (SaaS).</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_and_common_characteristics">Architecture and common characteristics</h3></div>

<ul><li>Most database services offer web-based consoles, which the end user can use to provision and configure database instances.</li>

<li>Database services consist of a database-manager component, which controls the underlying database instances using a service API. The service API is exposed to the end user, and permits users to perform maintenance and scaling operations on their database instances.</li>

<li>Underlying software-stack stack typically includes the operating system, the database and third-party software used to manage the database. The service provider is responsible for installing, patching and updating the underlying software stack and ensuring the overall health and performance of the database.</li>

<li>Scalability features differ between vendors – some offer auto-scaling, others enable the user to scale up using an API, but do not scale automatically.<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a></li>

<li>There is typically a commitment for a certain level of high availability (e.g. 99.9% or 99.99%). This is achieved by replicating data and failing instances over to other database instances.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_model">Data model</h2></div>

The design and development of typical systems utilize data management and relational databases as their key building blocks. Advanced queries expressed in SQL work well with the strict relationships that are imposed on information by relational databases. However, relational database technology was not initially designed or developed for use over distributed systems. This issue has been addressed with the addition of clustering enhancements to the relational databases, although some basic tasks require complex and expensive protocols, such as with data synchronization.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

Modern relational databases have shown poor performance on data-intensive systems, therefore, the idea of <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> has been utilized within database management systems for cloud based systems.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Within <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> implemented storage, there are no requirements for fixed table schemas, and the use of join operations is avoided. "The NoSQL databases have proven to provide efficient horizontal scalability, good performance, and ease of assembly into cloud applications."<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Data models relying on simplified relay algorithms have also been employed in data-intensive cloud mapping applications unique to virtual frameworks.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

It is also important to differentiate between cloud databases which are relational as opposed to non-relational or NoSQL:<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<dl><dt>SQL databases</dt>

<dd>SQL databases are one type of database which can run in the cloud, either in a virtual machine or as a service, depending on the vendor. While SQL databases are easily vertically scalable, horizontal scalability poses a challenge, that cloud database services based on SQL have started to address.<a href="#cite_note-cnet-10">[10]</a></dd>

<dt>NoSQL databases</dt>

<dd>NoSQL databases are another type of database which can run in the cloud. NoSQL databases are built to service heavy read/write loads and can scale up and down easily,<a href="#cite_note-Agrawal2008-11">[11]</a> and therefore they are more natively suited to running in the cloud. However, most contemporary applications are built around an SQL data model, so working with NoSQL databases often requires a complete rewrite of application code.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></dd>

<dd>Some SQL databases have developed NoSQL capabilities including <a href="JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>, binary JSON (e.g. <a href="BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a> or similar variants), and key-value store data types.</dd>

<dd>A multi-model database with relational and non-relational capabilities provides a standard SQL interface to users and applications and thus facilitates the usage of such databases for contemporary applications built around an SQL data model. Native multi-model databases support multiple data models with one core and a unified query language to access all data models.</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vendors">Vendors</h2></div>

The following table lists notable database vendors with a cloud database offering, classified by their deployment model – machine image vs. database as a service – and data model, SQL vs. NoSQL.

<caption>Cloud database vendors by deployment and data model

</caption>

</th>

<th scope="col">Virtual Machine Deployment

</th>

<th scope="col">Database as a Service

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">SQL Data Model

</th>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="EnterpriseDB" title="EnterpriseDB">EDB Postgres Advanced Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Ingres_(database)" title="Ingres (database)">Ingres (database)</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li>

<li><a href="MariaDB" title="MariaDB">MariaDB</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li>

<li><a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li>

<li><a href="NuoDB" title="NuoDB">NuoDB</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a><a href="#cite_note-oracle-aws-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li>

<li><a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li>

<li><a href="YugabyteDB" title="YugabyteDB">YugabyteDB</a></li></ul>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Aurora" title="Amazon Aurora">Amazon Aurora</a>, MySQL based service</li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Relational_Database_Service" title="Amazon Relational Database Service">Amazon Relational Database Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Clustrix" title="Clustrix">Clustrix</a> Database as a Service<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li>

<li><a href="CockroachDB" title="CockroachDB">CockroachDB</a>-as-a-Service<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li>

<li><a href="EnterpriseDB" title="EnterpriseDB">EnterpriseDB</a> Postgres Plus Cloud Database<a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[27]</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a> SQL<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li>

<li><a href="Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a> PostgreSQL as a Service (shared and dedicated database options)<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_Azure" class="mw-redirect" title="SQL Azure">Microsoft Azure SQL Database</a> (MS SQL)<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud#Platform_as_a_Service_(PaaS)" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Database Cloud Service</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li>

<li><a href="MariaDB#SkySQL" title="MariaDB">SkySQL</a> MariaDB</li>

<li><a href="Snowflake_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowflake Computing">Snowflake Cloud Data Warehouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Xeround" title="Xeround">Xeround</a> Cloud Database* – MySQL front-end (*service no longer available)<a href="#cite_note-readwriteweb-32">[32]</a></li>

<li><a href="YugabyteDB" title="YugabyteDB">YugabyteDB</a></li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">NoSQL Data Model

</th>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a> on Amazon EC2<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> or Google Compute Engine<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li>

<li><a href="ArangoDB" title="ArangoDB">ArangoDB</a> on Amazon EC2, Google Compute or Microsoft Azure<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li>

<li><a href="Clusterpoint" title="Clusterpoint">Clusterpoint Database Virtual Box VM</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li>

<li><a href="CouchDB" class="mw-redirect" title="CouchDB">CouchDB</a> on Amazon EC2<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> or Google Cloud Platform<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li>

<li><a href="EnterpriseDB" title="EnterpriseDB">EDB Postgres Advanced Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadoop">Hadoop</a> on Amazon EC2,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Google Cloud Platform,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> or Rackspace<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li>

<li><a href="MarkLogic" title="MarkLogic">MarkLogic</a> on Amazon EC2<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> or Google Cloud Platform<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li>

<li><a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a> on Amazon EC2,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Google Compute Engine,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Microsoft Azure,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> or Rackspace<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo4J" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo4J">Neo4J</a> on Amazon EC2<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> or Microsoft Azure<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li>

<li><a href="ScyllaDB" title="ScyllaDB">ScyllaDB</a> on Amazon EC2 or Google Cloud Platform<a href="#cite_note-computerweekly.com-50">[50]</a></li>

<li><a href="YugabyteDB" title="YugabyteDB">YugabyteDB</a></li></ul>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">Amazon DynamoDB</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_SimpleDB" title="Amazon SimpleDB">Amazon SimpleDB</a></li>

<li>Azure <a href="Cosmos_DB" title="Cosmos DB">Cosmos DB</a></li>

<li><a href="Couchbase_Server" title="Couchbase Server">Couchbase</a> Capella Database as a Service</li>

<li><a href="Cloudant" title="Cloudant">Cloudant Data Layer</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> (<a href="CouchDB" class="mw-redirect" title="CouchDB">CouchDB</a>)</li>

<li><a href="DataStax" title="DataStax">DataStax</a> Astra DB powered by <a href="Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li>

<li><a href="EnterpriseDB" title="EnterpriseDB">EnterpriseDB</a> Postgres Plus Cloud Database<a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[27]</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a> <a href="Bigtable" title="Bigtable">Bigtable</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Cloud_Datastore" title="Google Cloud Datastore">Google Cloud Datastore</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li>

<li><a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a> Database as a Service (several options)<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud#Platform_as_a_Service_(PaaS)" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle NoSQL Database Cloud Service</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li>

<li><a href="ScyllaDB" title="ScyllaDB">ScyllaDB Cloud</a><a href="#cite_note-computerweekly.com-50">[50]</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_DocumentDB" title="Amazon DocumentDB">Amazon DocumentDB</a></li>

<li><a href="YugabyteDB" title="YugabyteDB">YugabyteDB</a></li></ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_as_a_service" title="Data as a service">Data as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">Relational database</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFHwangFu2016" class="citation book cs1">Hwang, G.; Fu, S. (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7515718">"Proof of Violation for Trust and Accountability of Cloud Database Systems"</a>. 2016 16th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid). pp. 425–433. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FCCGrid.2016.27">10.1109/CCGrid.2016.27</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-5090-2453-7</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18373753">18373753</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFChao2014" class="citation book cs1">Chao, Lee (2014). Cloud database development and management. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4665-6506-7</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857081580">857081580</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMcHaney2021" class="citation book cs1">McHaney, Roger (2021). Cloud technologies: an overview of cloud computing technologies for managers. Hoboken, NJ. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-119-76951-4</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1196822611">1196822611</a>.</cite><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSakr2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sakr, Sherif (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10586-013-0290-7">"Cloud-hosted databases: technologies, challenges and opportunities"</a>. Cluster Computing. 17 (2): 487–502. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10586-013-0290-7">10.1007/s10586-013-0290-7</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1386-7857">1386-7857</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254370104">254370104</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> A. Anjomshoaa and A. Tjoa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2095539&CFID=676853031&CFTOKEN=59417535">"How the cloud computing paradigm could shape the future of enterprise information processing"</a>, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services - iiWAS'11, pp. 7-10, 2011.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> S. Cass, "Designing for the Cloud", MIT Technology Review, 2009. [Online]. Available: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/414090/designing-for-the-cloud/">https://www.technologyreview.com/s/414090/designing-for-the-cloud/</a>. Retrieved 2016-10-04.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> "<a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a>", Wikipedia, 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-04.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFModi2017" class="citation journal cs1">Modi, A (2017). "Live migration of virtual machines with their local persistent storage in a data intensive cloud". International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking. 10 (1): 134. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1504%2FIJHPCN.2017.083213">10.1504/IJHPCN.2017.083213</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/data-guide/big-data/non-relational-data">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/data-guide/big-data/non-relational-data</a> Article in 'Microsoft Azure'

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cnet-10"><a href="#cite_ref-cnet_10-0">^</a> Dave Rosenberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/are-databases-in-the-cloud-really-all-that-different/">Are databases in the cloud really all that different?</a>, CNET, Retrieved 2011-11-6

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Agrawal2008-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Agrawal2008_11-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAgrawal,_Rakesh2008" class="citation journal cs1">Agrawal, Rakesh; et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/claremont/claremontreport08.pdf">"The Claremont report on database research"</a> (PDF). SIGMOD Record. 37 (3): 9–19. <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.211.5963">10.1.1.211.5963</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1462571.1462573">10.1145/1462571.1462573</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0163-5808">0163-5808</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:666280">666280</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Ken North, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drdobbs.com/blogs/database/228701075">SQL, NoSQL or SomeSQL?</a>", Dr. Dobb's, Retrieved 2011-11-9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/tutorials/dm-1001db2amazonec2/index.html">Deploy your database applications and projects on the cloud</a>, IBM.com, Retrieved 2011-9-1

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Chris Kanaracus, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoworld.com/d/data-center/ingres-rolls-out-cloud-database-offerings-965">Ingres rolls out cloud database offerings</a>", <a href="InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>, Retrieved 2011-8-28.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2095051">Amazon Web Services Announces Two New Database Services – AWS Database Migration Service and Amazon RDS for MariaDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601175022/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2095051">Archived</a> 2017-06-01 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Amazon Press Releases, retrieved 2015-11-17

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/partners/mariadb/cluster-maxscale/">MariaDB Enterprise Cluster + MariaDB MaxScale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161204101728/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/partners/mariadb/cluster-maxscale/">Archived</a> 2016-12-04 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Microsoft Azure, retrieved 2015-11-17

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aws.amazon.com/articles/1663">Running MySQL on Amazon EC2 with EBS (Elastic Block Store)</a>, Amazon Web Services, retrieved 2011-11-20

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Swoyer, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tdwi.org/articles/2012/11/13/nuodb-cloud-database.aspx">"NuoDB: A Database for the Cloud."</a> TDWI. Nov. 13, 2012. Retrieved Nov. 26, 2012

</li>

<li id="cite_note-oracle-aws-19"><a href="#cite_ref-oracle-aws_19-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aws.amazon.com/amis/Oracle/3647">Amazon Machine Images - Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) Enterprise Edition - 64 Bit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016213708/http://aws.amazon.com/amis/Oracle/3647">Archived</a> 2011-10-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Amazon Web Services, Retrieved 2011-11-9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/database-cloud-openworld08-168208.pdf">Oracle Database in the Cloud</a>", Oracle.com, Retrieved 2011-11-9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Chris Kanaracus, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/238775/enterprisedb_adding_new_cloud_option_for_postgresql_database.html">EnterpriseDB Adding New Cloud Option for PostgreSQL Database</a>", <a href="PCWorld" class="mw-redirect" title="PCWorld">PCWorld</a>, retrieved 2011-8-28

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aws.amazon.com/sap/solutions/saphana/">"AWS | SAP HANA"</a>. Amazon Web Services, Inc. Retrieved 2016-07-07.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/campaigns/sap/">"SAP Solutions"</a>. <a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a>. Retrieved 2016-07-07.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815002558/https://hana.sap.com/implementation/deployment/cloud/hana-enterprise-cloud.html">"SAP HANA Enterprise Cloud"</a>. hana.sap.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hana.sap.com/implementation/deployment/cloud/hana-enterprise-cloud.html">the original</a> on 2016-08-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414015133/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/clustrix-enters-rackspace-partner-program-120500944.html">"Clustrix Enters the Rackspace Partner Program"</a>. <a href="Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/clustrix-enters-rackspace-partner-program-120500944.html">the original</a> on 2016-04-14.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Tony Baer, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/cockroach-db-introduces-a-serverless-tier/">Cockroach DB introduces a serverless tier</a>", ZDNet.com, Retrieved 2021-12-13.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-1">b</a> <a href="EnterpriseDB#cite_note-10" title="EnterpriseDB">EnterpriseDB#cite note-10</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/sql/">"Cloud SQL - MySQL Relational Database Service"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.heroku.com/archives/2010/11/4/heroku_postgresql/">Announcing Heroku PostgreSQL Database Add-on</a>", Heroku Blog, Retrieved 2011-11-9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Noel Yuhanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/itanalyst/docs/11-02-10SQLAzure.PDF">SQL Azure Raises The Bar On Cloud Databases</a>, Forrester, Retrieved 2011-11-9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPethuru2014" class="citation book cs1">Pethuru, Raj (2014-03-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m95GAwAAQBAJ&dq=Oracle+Cloud+Database&pg=PA223">Handbook of Research on Cloud Infrastructures for Big Data Analytics</a>. IGI Global. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781466658653</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-readwriteweb-32"><a href="#cite_ref-readwriteweb_32-0">^</a> Klint Finley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/cloud/2011/01/7-cloud-based-database-service.php">"7 Cloud-Based Database Services"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109084453/http://www.readwriteweb.com/cloud/2011/01/7-cloud-based-database-service.php">Archived</a> 2011-11-09 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ReadWriteWeb, Retrieved 2011-11-9.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/CloudConfig">Setting up Cassandra in the Cloud</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113022557/http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/CloudConfig">Archived</a> 2015-11-13 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Cassandra Wiki, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2014/07/click-to-deploy-apache-cassandra-on-google-compute-engine.html">"Google Cloud Platform Blog: Click to Deploy Apache Cassandra on Google Compute Engine"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://docs.arangodb.com/3.2/Manual/Deployment/Mesos.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411231949/https://docs.arangodb.com/3.2/Manual/Deployment/Mesos.html">Archived</a> 2019-04-11 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.clusterpoint.com/wiki/Clusterpoint_installation_using_Virtual_Box">Clusterpoint Database Virtual Box VM Installation Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150310161740/http://docs.clusterpoint.com/wiki/Clusterpoint_installation_using_Virtual_Box">Archived</a> 2015-03-10 at <a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>", Clusterpoint, Retrieved 2015-03-08.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aws.amazon.com/amis/Community/2861">Amazon Machine Images, CouchDB 0.10.x 32 bit Ubuntu</a>", Amazon Web Services, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitnami.com/stack/couchdb/cloud/google">"CouchDB Cloud Hosting on Google Cloud Platform"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aws.amazon.com/amis/Community/647">Amazon Machine Image, Hadoop AMI</a>", Amazon Web Services, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/dataproc/">"Cloud Dataproc: Managed Spark & Managed Hadoop Service"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> ["<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rackspace.com/blog/cloud-big-data-platform-limited-availability/">http://www.rackspace.com/blog/cloud-big-data-platform-limited-availability/</a> Hadoop at Rackspace] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302041422/http://www.rackspace.com/blog/cloud-big-data-platform-limited-availability/">Archived</a> 2014-03-02 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Rackspace Big Data Platforms, Retrieved 2014-02-24.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B00U36DS6Y/ref=wikipedia_cloud_db">"MarkLogic Developer 8 (HVM) on AWS Marketplace"</a>. aws.amazon.com. Retrieved 2016-03-31.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFmarklogic.com" class="citation web cs1">marklogic.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marklogic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Flexible-Deployment-Datasheet.pdf">"Flexible Deployment"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Amazon+EC2">MongoDB on Amazon EC2</a>, MongoDB.org, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/solutions/deploy-mongodb/">"Deploying MongoDB on Google Compute Engine"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/MongoDB+on+Azure">MongoDB on Azure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031143839/http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/MongoDB+on+Azure">Archived</a> 2012-10-31 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, MongoDB.org, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rackspace.com/blog/stress-free-scaling-of-mongodb-with-objectrocket/">Easily Scale MongoDB at Rackspace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302041649/http://www.rackspace.com/blog/stress-free-scaling-of-mongodb-with-objectrocket/">Archived</a> 2014-03-02 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Managed MongoDB ObjectRocket by Rackspace, Retrieved 2014-02-24.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.neo4j.org/content/Neo4j_in_the_Cloud">Neo4J in the Cloud</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925234234/http://wiki.neo4j.org/content/Neo4j_in_the_Cloud">Archived</a> 2011-09-25 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Neo4J Wiki, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neo4j.com/blog/announcing-neo4j-on-windows-azure/">Announcing Neo4J on Windows Azure</a>", Neo4J Blog, Retrieved 2011-11-10.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-computerweekly.com-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-computerweekly.com_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-computerweekly.com_50-1">b</a> Adrian Bridgwater, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Open-Source-Insider/Scyllas-real-time-NoSQL-database-tapped-by-super-app">ScyllaDB's real-time NoSQL database tapped by 'super app'</a>", <a href="Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>, Retrieved 2012-12-27.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Andrew Brust, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525065409/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/big-data/cloudant-makes-nosql-as-a-service-bigger/468">Cloudant Makes NoSQL as a Service Bigger</a>", <a href="ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>, Retrieved 2012-5-22.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datastax.com/products/datastax-astra">"DataStax Astra DB: DataStax managed services powered by Apache Cassandra"</a>. DataStax. Retrieved 2022-03-07.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/">"Bigtable: Scalable NoSQL Database Service"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/datastore/">"Datastore: NoSQL Schemaless Database"</a>. Retrieved 2016-11-28.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongodb.com/cloud">"MongoDB Atlas: Hosted MongoDB as a Service"</a>. Retrieved 2016-08-30.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.oracle.com/en_US/nosql">"NoSQL Database Cloud Service"</a>. Oracle Cloud. Retrieved 2017-11-29.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cloud_computing413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Cloud_computing413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Content_as_a_service" title="Content as a service">Content as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_as_a_service" title="Data as a service">Data as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_as_a_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop as a service">Desktop as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Function_as_a_service" title="Function as a service">Function as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud-based_integration" title="Cloud-based integration">Integration platform as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Backend_as_a_service" title="Backend as a service">Backend as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_as_a_service" title="Network as a service">Network as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platform as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_as_a_service" title="Security as a service">Security as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Cloud-native_computing" title="Cloud-native computing">Cloud-native computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">Cloud storage gateways</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_center" title="Data center">Data centers</a></li>

<li><a href="Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Mobile cloud computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Native_cloud_application" title="Native cloud application">Native cloud application</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_cloud" title="Personal cloud">Personal cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">Serverless computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_structured_storage_software" title="Comparison of structured storage software">Structured storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_private_cloud" title="Virtual private cloud">Virtual private cloud</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>

<ul><li><a href="Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a> (closed)</li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Office 365</a></li>

<li><a href="OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Owncloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Owncloud">Owncloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Proton_Drive" title="Proton Drive">Proton Drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rackspace_Technology" title="Rackspace Technology">Rackspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li>

<li><a href="Seafile" title="Seafile">Seafile</a></li>

<li><a href="PlateSpin" class="mw-redirect" title="PlateSpin">PlateSpin</a></li>

<li><a href="Workday%2C_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="AppScale" title="AppScale">AppScale</a></li>

<li><a href="CloudBolt" title="CloudBolt">CloudBolt</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_Foundry" title="Cloud Foundry">Cloud Foundry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cocaine_(PaaS)" title="Cocaine (PaaS)">Cocaine (PaaS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Engine_Yard" title="Engine Yard">Engine Yard</a></li>

<li><a href="HPE_Helion" title="HPE Helion">Helion</a></li>

<li><a href="Predix_(software)" title="Predix (software)">GE Predix</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank</a></li>

<li><a href="Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>

<li><a href="MindSphere" title="MindSphere">MindSphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="OutSystems" title="OutSystems">OutSystems</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenQRM" title="OpenQRM">openQRM</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li>

<li><a href="PythonAnywhere" title="PythonAnywhere">PythonAnywhere</a></li>

<li><a href="RightScale" title="RightScale">RightScale</a></li>

<li><a href="Scalr" title="Scalr">Scalr</a></li>

<li><a href="Salesforce#Force.com" title="Salesforce">Force.com</a></li>

<li><a href="SAP_BTP" title="SAP BTP">SAP Business Technology Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li>

<li><a href="VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud Air</a></li>

<li><a href="WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Abiquo_Enterprise_Edition" title="Abiquo Enterprise Edition">Abiquo Enterprise Edition</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Cloud" title="Citrix Cloud">Citrix Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a></li>

<li><a href="EMC_Atmos" title="EMC Atmos">EMC Atmos</a></li>

<li><a href="Eucalyptus_(software)" title="Eucalyptus (software)">Eucalyptus</a></li>

<li><a href="FUJITSU_Cloud_IaaS_Trusted_Public_S5" title="FUJITSU Cloud IaaS Trusted Public S5">Fujitsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Iland" title="Iland">iland</a></li>

<li><a href="Joyent" title="Joyent">Joyent</a></li>

<li><a href="Linode" title="Linode">Linode</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunacloud" title="Lunacloud">Lunacloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>

<li><a href="Mirantis" title="Mirantis">Mirantis</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbula" title="Nimbula">Nimbula</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbus_(cloud_computing)" title="Nimbus (cloud computing)">Nimbus</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenIO" title="OpenIO">OpenIO</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenNebula" title="OpenNebula">OpenNebula</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="OrionVM" title="OrionVM">OrionVM</a></li>

<li><a href="Rackspace_Cloud" title="Rackspace Cloud">Rackspace Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Safe_Swiss_Cloud" title="Safe Swiss Cloud">Safe Swiss Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Zadara" title="Zadara">Zadara</a></li>

<li><a href="Libvirt" title="Libvirt">libvirt</a></li>

<li><a href="Libguestfs" title="Libguestfs">libguestfs</a></li>

<li><a href="OVirt" title="OVirt">OVirt</a></li>

<li><a href="Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virtual Machine Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Wakame-vdc" title="Wakame-vdc">Wakame-vdc</a></li>

<li><a href="Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Private_Cloud_OnDemand" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand">Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li>

<li> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Cloud computing">Commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cloud_database&oldid=1292141731">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>